英语翻译To recognize some of the differences between degrees of rurality,Cloke (1977) and Cloke and Edwards (1986) constructed an ‘‘index of rurality’’ for localgovernment districts in England and Wales using a range of statistics from th

英语翻译To recognize some of the differences between degrees of rurality,Cloke (1977) and Cloke and Edwards (1986) constructed an ‘‘index of rurality’’ for localgovernment districts in England and Wales using a range of statistics from th
英语翻译
To recognize some of the differences between degrees of rurality,Cloke (1977) and Cloke and Edwards (1986) constructed an ‘‘index of rurality’’ for localgovernment districts in England and Wales using a range of statistics from the1971 and 1981 censuses.The indicators,including population,householdamenities,occu-pational structure,commuting patterns and the distance tourban centers,were fed into a formula that placed districts into one of five categories-extremerural,intermediate rural,intermediate non-rural,extreme non-rural and urban.Although the indices of rurality marked an improvement on simple dichotomousdefinitions,it still provokes a number of critical questions (Woods,2005:p.7).Concerning China’s rural communities development types,Unger and Chan (1999)put forward a distinct fourtype model based on relations of production throughinvestigating rural south China,i.e.,predominance of private industry,collectives,foreign industry,and no industry.

英语翻译To recognize some of the differences between degrees of rurality,Cloke (1977) and Cloke and Edwards (1986) constructed an ‘‘index of rurality’’ for localgovernment districts in England and Wales using a range of statistics from th
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为确认农村化程度度之间的差异,克罗克和克罗克（1977）以及爱德华兹（1986）为当地政府建立了一个“'乡村化指标”, 在英格兰和威尔士地区采用一系列来自1971和1981年的人口普查统计数据,对区域进行划分.这项指标,包括人口、家用便利设施、职业构成、通勤模式以及到市中心的距离,这些数据被输入一个公式,根据计算结果,把这些区域划分为五大类---特别农村类、中等农村类、中等非农村类、特别非农村类和城市类.尽管这种乡村化指标是对地区进行简单分类定义的一种显著进步,但它还是引发了许多关键问题.考虑到中国农村社区发展的类型,昂格尔和Chan（1999）提出了一个不同的四种模式论,此模式是基于通过对中国南方农村中各类生产关系的调查而得出的结论.也即是：私营企业主导类型,集体企业主导类型,外资企业主导类型和无工业主导类型.
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