英语翻译27.1 Evolutionary forces shape behavior.Many behaviors are ecologically important and serve as adaptations.Foraging and territorial behaviors have evolved because they allow animals to use resources efficiently.1.What does optimal foragin

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英语翻译27.1 Evolutionary forces shape behavior.Many behaviors are ecologically important and serve as adaptations.Foraging and territorial behaviors have evolved because they allow animals to use resources efficiently.1.What does optimal foragin

英语翻译27.1 Evolutionary forces shape behavior.Many behaviors are ecologically important and serve as adaptations.Foraging and territorial behaviors have evolved because they allow animals to use resources efficiently.1.What does optimal foragin
英语翻译
27.1 Evolutionary forces shape behavior.
Many behaviors are ecologically important and serve as adaptations.
Foraging and territorial behaviors have evolved because they allow animals to use resources efficiently.
1.What does optimal foraging theory predict about an animal's foraging behavior?What factors unrelated to this theory may also influence an animal's foraging choices?
2.What are the benefits of territorial behavior,and what are its costs?Under what circumstances is territorial behavior disadvantageous?
27.2 Reproductive behavior involves many choices influenced by natural selection.
Male and female animals maximize their fitness with different reproductive behaviors.The differences relate to the extent to which each sex provides care for offspring.
Usually,males are competitive and females show mate choice because females have higher reproductive costs.
A species' mating system is related to its ecology.
3.Why does natural selection favor mate choice?What factor is most important in determining which sex exhibits mate choice?
4.In birds,how does the amount of parental care required by the offspring affect the evolution of a species' mating system?
27.3 There is considerable controversy about the evolution of social behavior.
Many animals show altruistic,or self-sacrificing,behavior.Altruism may evolve through reciprocity or be directed toward relatives.Cooperative behavior often increases an individual's fitness.
Individuals form social groups because it is advantageous for them to do so.
Animal societies are characterized by cooperation and conflict.The organization of a society is related to the ecology of a species.
5.What is reciprocal altruism?What is kin selection?How does kin selection increase an individual's success in passing its genes on to the next generation?
27.4 Vertebrates exhibit a broad range of social behaviors.
Human behavior is extremely rich and varied and may result from both biology and culture.
Evolutionary theory can give us important insight into human nature,but such an approach to the study of human behavior may be controversial.
6.In vertebrate societies,what are the costs to an individual who makes an alarm call?Based on research in ground squirrels,which individuals are most likely to make alarm calls,and what benefits do they receive by doing so?
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英语翻译27.1 Evolutionary forces shape behavior.Many behaviors are ecologically important and serve as adaptations.Foraging and territorial behaviors have evolved because they allow animals to use resources efficiently.1.What does optimal foragin
27.1 进化力量形成行为
许多行为在生态学上是重要的,是为了适应环境.袭击入侵和地盘性行为已经进化,因为它们允许动物有效地利用资源.
1.最佳的袭击入侵理论关于动物的袭击入侵行为能预测到什么?什么因素与这一理论不相关却可能同样也影响一个动物的袭击入侵的选择?
2.地盘性行为的好处是什么,它的代价是什么?在什么环境下表现出地盘性行为的缺点?
27.2 繁殖行为中包含许多被自然选择所影响的抉择.雌雄动物通过不同的繁殖行为使它们的适应力发展到最大限度.关于父母中哪一方照顾后代各不相同.通常雄性是好竞争的,雌性拥有配偶选择权因为雌性付出更高的繁殖代价.一个物种的配对系统与生态学有关.
3.为什么自然选择偏爱配对选择?在决定哪一性别拥有配偶选择权时,什么因素是最重要的?
4.在鸟类中,后代需要父母照顾的总量怎样影响一个物种的配对系统的演变?
27.3 关于社会行为的演变有一种值得考虑的争论.许多动物表现出自我牺牲的行为.自我牺牲是通过相关性或直接面向亲缘动物的一种进化.合作行为通常增加个人的适应性.个体形成社会群体,因为这样做对他们有好处.动物社会的特征是合作和斗争.一个社会的起源与一个物种的生态学有关.
5 相关性的自我牺牲是什么?亲属关系的选择是什么?亲属关系的选择怎样增加个体的成功在传递它的基因给下一代方面上?
27.4 脊椎动物展现出一系列广阔的社会行为.人类行为是极端丰富多变的,可能来自生物和文化的结果.进化理论对于我们非常重要关于深入了解人类的天性,但是对于人类行为研究的如此方法可能引起争议.
6.在脊椎动物社会里,个体制造报警呼叫的代价是什么?基于对地鼠的研究,哪些个体最喜欢制造报警呼叫,它们如此做会收到什么样的好处?

27.1进化力量形成的行为。许多重要生态价值的行为,并作为适应。觅食和领土完整的行为产生,因为它们让动物有效地利用资源。 1 。什么是最佳觅食理论预测有关动物的觅食行为?哪些因素无关,这一理论还可以影响动物的觅食选择? 2 。有什么好处领土的行为,其代价是什么?在什么情况下是不利领土的行为? 27.2繁殖行为涉及许多选择受自然选择。雄性和雌性动物最大的健身不同生殖行为。
根据研究,地松鼠,...

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27.1进化力量形成的行为。许多重要生态价值的行为,并作为适应。觅食和领土完整的行为产生,因为它们让动物有效地利用资源。 1 。什么是最佳觅食理论预测有关动物的觅食行为?哪些因素无关,这一理论还可以影响动物的觅食选择? 2 。有什么好处领土的行为,其代价是什么?在什么情况下是不利领土的行为? 27.2繁殖行为涉及许多选择受自然选择。雄性和雌性动物最大的健身不同生殖行为。
根据研究,地松鼠,其中个人最有可能使报警电话,有什么好处,他们收到这样做?
涉及到的差异在何种程度上提供照顾每个性别的后代。通常情况下,具有竞争力的男性和女性表明择偶,因为女性有更高的生育费用。一个物种'交配系统是相关的生态环境。 3 。为什么自然选择的青睐择偶?什么因素是最重要的确定哪些性展品择偶? 4 。鸟类中,如何为父母照顾后代所需要的影响进化的物种交配系统? 27.3有很大争议的演变,社会行为。许多动物表明利他主义的,或者自我牺牲,行为。利他主义可能演变是通过互惠或针对亲属。合作行为往往增加个人的健身。
个人组成的社会群体,因为它有利于对他们这样做。动物社会的特点是合作与冲突。该组织的社会与生态的一个物种。 5 。什么是互惠的利他主义?什么是近亲选择?如何亲缘选择增加一个人的成功,其基因传递给下一代? 27.4脊椎动物展品范围广泛的社会行为。人的行为是极其丰富多样的和可能产生的生物学和文化。进化理论可以给我们重要深入了解人类的本性,但这种方法对研究人类的行为可能会有争议。 6 。脊椎动物的社会,什么样的费用,谁有报警电话吗?

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