英翻中：EDM 4082 suggests both a new way of raising money for Government and how to spend it for th此为 毕业论文中外文部分内容 请英语好的朋友帮忙翻译一下 感激不尽~Government borrowing has existed since 1694 when the

英翻中：EDM 4082 suggests both a new way of raising money for Government and how to spend it for th此为 毕业论文中外文部分内容 请英语好的朋友帮忙翻译一下 感激不尽~Government borrowing has existed since 1694 when the
英翻中：EDM 4082 suggests both a new way of raising money for Government and how to spend it for th
此为 毕业论文中外文部分内容 请英语好的朋友帮忙翻译一下 感激不尽~
Government borrowing has existed since 1694 when the Bank of England was created and subsequently legalised in The Tonnage Act of 1696,to“lend money to the Government”.Concern over this dubious practice was such that Section 9 of the Bank Charter Act of 1844 required that any profit accruing to the Bank of England (then a private bank) from the creation of currency was to be paid to Government.
It is for this reason that EDM 4082 – as a matter of urgency and in face of apathy due to lack of analysis and understanding from Parliament demands some restoration of the public’s right of seigneurage12,also spelled seignorage14 or seigniorage15,from the creation of both cash and non-cash money,as was their right and privilege bestowed by the Crown many hundreds of years ago.

英翻中：EDM 4082 suggests both a new way of raising money for Government and how to spend it for th此为 毕业论文中外文部分内容 请英语好的朋友帮忙翻译一下 感激不尽~Government borrowing has existed since 1694 when the
100 分哪有这么好捡的,提问者如果不是随意开玩笑,相信也不能够随便给出手.
首先要说的是,这个提问的来源我清楚.
再给已经解答或在观望的朋友们说一下
seigneurage12, also spelled seignorage14 or seigniorage15 的意思
这里的数字和什么“封建领主xx世”完全风马牛不相及,而是作者注脚的编号.
三个字根本就是一个字,拼法不同罢了；
第一、二个拼法是14、5世纪英文、法语的拼法,早已过时不用.
现在通用的都是第三种,也就是 seigniorage.
字典的解释是：
the difference between the cost of the bullion plus minting expenses and the value as money of the pieces coined, constituting a source of government revenue.
纸钞尚未问世前,皇室（或政府）铸币厂把金条（或白银、黄铜）拿去铸成面值不等的钱币时,材料加人工所有生产（铸币）成本和铸成后钱币面值的价差就叫做 seigniorage,这个差价自然是由皇家（或政府）作为收入笑纳了.老百姓自己家里的金银要是拿去委托铸币厂铸成钱币,也必须支付一笔费用（中国在封建时代称其为“火耗”）,现代翻译都称之为“铸币税”
现正在翻译一篇论文,姑且先把故事说到这儿,剩下的待续 . . .